A Public Interest Litigation (PIL) is one of the most powerful democratic tools available to ordinary citizens. You do not need to be a directly affected party — any citizen can approach the High Court in matters of public importance. This article covers the grounds for a PIL, how to draft a petition, what evidence is required, and what relief the court can grant.
What Is a PIL?
PIL is a legal action initiated in a court of law for the enforcement of public interest or general interest in which the public or a class of the community has a pecuniary interest or some interest by which their legal rights or liabilities are affected.
Grounds for Filing a PIL
PILs can be filed for matters including: environmental violations, violation of fundamental rights, corruption in public offices, custodial deaths, bonded labour, and failure of the state to enforce constitutional provisions.
How to File a PIL in the High Court
1. Draft a writ petition under Article 226 of the Constitution addressed to the High Court.
2. Include a brief description of the public issue, the respondents (usually government authorities), and the relief sought.
3. Attach supporting documents — news reports, government orders, photographs, or affidavits.
4. File the petition in the High Court Registry along with a court fee of Rs. 50 (for most categories).