The National Green Tribunal (NGT) was established specifically to give citizens a fast, accessible forum to address environmental violations. Any person can file an application before the NGT — no lawyer required, no court fees for certain categories. This article explains jurisdiction, filing procedure, types of relief available, and recent landmark NGT judgments.
What Is the NGT?
The National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 established the NGT as a specialised body to handle all cases relating to environmental protection, conservation of forests, and enforcement of legal rights relating to the environment.
Who Can File?
Any person — including individuals, groups of citizens, NGOs, and organisations — can file an application before the NGT. You do not need a lawyer to file, though legal assistance is advisable for complex matters.
What Issues Can You Raise?
The NGT has jurisdiction over matters relating to: illegal mining, industrial pollution, river or groundwater contamination, encroachment on forest land, violation of environmental clearances, and solid waste mismanagement.
How to File
1. Draft a brief application stating the environmental violation, the location, and the harm caused.
2. Attach any supporting evidence — photographs, videos, news reports, official orders.
3. Pay a court fee of Rs. 1,000 for individuals (waived for below-poverty-line applicants).
4. File at the Principal Bench (Delhi) or nearest Circuit Bench — Bhopal bench covers Madhya Pradesh.